Microbiome Against the Background of the Complex Aetiology in Sarcoidosis-What Do We Already Know?

Sarcoidosis is a multi-organ, systemic disease of immunological origin. While its aetiology is unknown, it is believed to be influenced by genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, and autoimmunity. Recent research on the development and progression of sarcoidosis has focused increasingly on the role of microorganisms. Changes in the respiratory tract microbiome, and hence the physiology of the respiratory tract, are believed to influence the course of sarcoidosis; this is not unlikely, as research indicates that the state of the microbiota inhabiting individual ontocenoses, such as the intestines or blood, may be related to the health of the entire body. This review therefore discusses the microbiological factors that are believed to be involved in the development of the disease; however, as the aetiological factors of sarcoidosis are diverse and are based on highly complex mechanisms, our analysis is restricted to only the most likely factors.