Infliximab-Induced Pulmonary Sarcoidosis Treated With Upadacitinib: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disorder of unclear aetiology. It can develop de novo or occur as a reaction to certain medications. While infliximab is commonly used for treating inflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, paradoxical sarcoidosis secondary to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors is a rare complication. There is emerging evidence to support the use of Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors in refractory sarcoidosis. Here, we present the first reported case of infliximab-induced pulmonary sarcoidosis in a patient with Crohn's disease successfully treated with upadacitinib and review the literature.