A Critical Review of Quorum-Sensing Inhibition Strategies in Klebsiella Pneumoniae.

Klebsiella pneumoniae is an antibiotic-resistant microbe that causes pneumonia, urinary tract infections, bloodstream infections, and liver abscesses. Its pathogenicity is fueled by the polysaccharide capsule, lipopolysaccharides, and quorum-sensing-regulated biofilm formation, which enhance immune evasion and antibiotic resistance. The rise of multidrug-resistant and hypervirulent pathogens poses a significant challenge to treatment. Targeting quorum sensing with quorum quenching is a promising method for disrupting bacterial interaction and reducing virulence without increasing resistance. This review examines the pathogenesis of K. pneumoniae, the significance of quorum sensing, and emerging therapeutics, including quorum-sensing inhibitors and advanced techniques such as CRISPR-Cas and computational drug development, while emphasizing the need for further investigation.