International journal of clinical pediatric dentistry · 2026
Prevalence of Tongue Thrusting in Indian Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies.
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Goel Somya, Mistry Laresh, Jawdekar Ashwin
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: Oral habits such as tongue thrusting can cause deleterious effects on jaw growth and lead to malocclusion. Various studies have been done among various age-groups to check the prevalence of various oral habits. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis (SRMA) is to assess the prevalence of tongue-thrusting habit in Indian children below 18 years of age.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two researchers searched literature using appropriate keyword combinations in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Observational studies on prevalence of tongue-thrusting habit in Indian population below 18 years of age with full texts in English were included. Subgroup analysis was done based on region (Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Chennai, and Karnataka).
RESULT: In the meta-analysis based on 20 studies (N = 53,245), the percentage pooled prevalence was found to be 16.12 (CI: 9.12-24.64). All the results were statistically significant. Random effects model (REM) was used, as the heterogeneity (I 2: 99.82) was high. Publication bias, assessed using tool by Hoy et al., was low.
CONCLUSION: The prevalence of tongue thrusting in Indian children is 16.12%. The highest prevalence is seen in the state of Rajasthan, and the lowest is seen in Maharashtra state.
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Goel S, Mistry L, Jawdekar A. Prevalence of Tongue Thrusting in Indian Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2026;19(4):499-506.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two researchers searched literature using appropriate keyword combinations in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Observational studies on prevalence of tongue-thrusting habit in Indian population below 18 years of age with full texts in English were included. Subgroup analysis was done based on region (Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Chennai, and Karnataka).
RESULT: In the meta-analysis based on 20 studies (N = 53,245), the percentage pooled prevalence was found to be 16.12 (CI: 9.12-24.64). All the results were statistically significant. Random effects model (REM) was used, as the heterogeneity (I 2: 99.82) was high. Publication bias, assessed using tool by Hoy et al., was low.
CONCLUSION: The prevalence of tongue thrusting in Indian children is 16.12%. The highest prevalence is seen in the state of Rajasthan, and the lowest is seen in Maharashtra state.
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Goel S, Mistry L, Jawdekar A. Prevalence of Tongue Thrusting in Indian Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2026;19(4):499-506.