TMJ imaging in orthodontic patients presenting with facial pain and malocclusion: A radiological-clinical correlation study.

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders are a common cause of facial pain and their association with malocclusion in orthodontic patients remains inadequately explored. Therefore, it is of interest to investigate the correlation between malocclusion, TMJ dysfunction and facial pain in 100 orthodontic patients. The results revealed that Class II and Class III malocclusions were significantly associated with more severe TMJ dysfunction and pain. Radiological findings such as condyle deformities, joint space narrowing and disc displacement were observed in the majority of patients. This study advances our knowledge by highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and multi- modal imaging in managing TMJ disorders in orthodontic populations.