Journal of stomatology, oral and maxillofacial surgery · 2026
Research on morphology of upper airway and temporomandibular joint in skeletal Class III malocclusion.
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Zhu Dechao, Qiao Xing, Jiang Miaomiao, Zhou Yucan, Kong Jingjing, Lu Haiyan, Liu Chunyan
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the morphological structure of the upper airway and its correlation with the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion using CBCT and Mimics 21.0.
METHODS: A total of 19 skeletal Class I normodivergent patients and 16 skeletal Class III normodivergent patients meeting the inclusion criteria underwent CBCT scanning. The obtained data were imported into Mimics 21.0 to simulate and reconstruct three-dimensional models of the upper airway and TMJ for precise measurements. Statistical analysis was performed using Graphpad Prism 10.0 software. An independent sample t-test was applied to compare upper airway morphology between the two groups, and Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the relationships between upper airway and TMJ measurements.
RESULTS: The skeletal Class III group exhibited significantly larger airway cross-sectional area and volume at the velopharyngeal, glossopharyngeal, and laryngopharyngeal levels compared with the skeletal Class I group. Additionally, the sagittal and coronal diameters of the velopharyngeal airway, the coronal diameter of the glossopharyngeal airway, and the sagittal diameter of the laryngopharyngeal airway were greater in the skeletal Class III group. However, no significant differences were observed at the nasopharyngeal level. Furthermore, no linear correlations were identified between upper airway and TMJ measurements in skeletal Class III patients.
CONCLUSIONS: Compared with skeletal Class I normodivergent patients, the upper airway volume in skeletal Class III normodivergent patients is larger. However, there is no linear correlation between the morphological structures of the upper airway and the TMJ in skeletal Class III normodivergent patients.
METHODS: A total of 19 skeletal Class I normodivergent patients and 16 skeletal Class III normodivergent patients meeting the inclusion criteria underwent CBCT scanning. The obtained data were imported into Mimics 21.0 to simulate and reconstruct three-dimensional models of the upper airway and TMJ for precise measurements. Statistical analysis was performed using Graphpad Prism 10.0 software. An independent sample t-test was applied to compare upper airway morphology between the two groups, and Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the relationships between upper airway and TMJ measurements.
RESULTS: The skeletal Class III group exhibited significantly larger airway cross-sectional area and volume at the velopharyngeal, glossopharyngeal, and laryngopharyngeal levels compared with the skeletal Class I group. Additionally, the sagittal and coronal diameters of the velopharyngeal airway, the coronal diameter of the glossopharyngeal airway, and the sagittal diameter of the laryngopharyngeal airway were greater in the skeletal Class III group. However, no significant differences were observed at the nasopharyngeal level. Furthermore, no linear correlations were identified between upper airway and TMJ measurements in skeletal Class III patients.
CONCLUSIONS: Compared with skeletal Class I normodivergent patients, the upper airway volume in skeletal Class III normodivergent patients is larger. However, there is no linear correlation between the morphological structures of the upper airway and the TMJ in skeletal Class III normodivergent patients.