Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy · 2026
Relationships between individual characteristics, poly-strengths, and mental health outcomes after sexual violence among Icelandic adults: A resilience portfolio approach.
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Jónsdóttir Erla Katrín, Thorvaldsdottir Karen Birna, Ásgeirsdóttir Bryndís Björk, Sigurvinsdottir Rannveig
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: Sexual violence is associated with a greater risk of several mental health disorders and an increased risk of revictimization. Poly-victimization heightens the risk of adverse mental health outcomes. Nevertheless, some individuals demonstrate resilience following such experiences. Research on malleable psychological strengths is needed to inform interventions, particularly in the Nordic context. Accordingly, we conducted the first study in Iceland to examine factors associated with positive adaptation through the lens of the resilience portfolio model and the cumulative effects of psychological strengths (poly-strengths). Additionally, we explored the moderating effect of poly-strengths on the relationship between poly-victimization and mental health.
METHOD: Participants included 563 Icelandic adults (76% women) who had experienced sexual violence, drawn from a nationally representative sample; data were collected through a phone survey assessing psychological strengths and positive (well-being and happiness) and adverse mental health outcomes (distress and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms).
RESULTS: Substance use and negative social reactions undermined resilience after sexual violence, while older age, financial security, physical exercise, better anger management, social support, and posttraumatic growth facilitated resilient outcomes. Poly-strengths were more strongly associated with positive aspects of mental health, while poly-victimization related more strongly to adverse mental health outcomes. Both poly-victimization and poly-strengths had unique relationships with all mental health outcomes. Furthermore, poly-strengths moderated the relationship between poly-victimization and all mental health outcomes, showing that higher levels of poly-strengths reduced the adverse effects of poly-victimization.
CONCLUSIONS: Poly-strengths appear to significantly shape mental health outcomes following sexual violence. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).
METHOD: Participants included 563 Icelandic adults (76% women) who had experienced sexual violence, drawn from a nationally representative sample; data were collected through a phone survey assessing psychological strengths and positive (well-being and happiness) and adverse mental health outcomes (distress and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms).
RESULTS: Substance use and negative social reactions undermined resilience after sexual violence, while older age, financial security, physical exercise, better anger management, social support, and posttraumatic growth facilitated resilient outcomes. Poly-strengths were more strongly associated with positive aspects of mental health, while poly-victimization related more strongly to adverse mental health outcomes. Both poly-victimization and poly-strengths had unique relationships with all mental health outcomes. Furthermore, poly-strengths moderated the relationship between poly-victimization and all mental health outcomes, showing that higher levels of poly-strengths reduced the adverse effects of poly-victimization.
CONCLUSIONS: Poly-strengths appear to significantly shape mental health outcomes following sexual violence. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).