Erectile dysfunction A clinical overview with perspectives from African settings.

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common male sexual disorder with significant implications for quality of life, interpersonal relationships, and overall health. Although its prevalence increases with age and comorbid conditions, ED remains underdiagnosed and undertreated worldwide. This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic evaluation, and management of ED, drawing primarily on established global evidence and clinical guidelines. Data and experiences from African settings are incorporated, where available, to illustrate contextual challenges related to healthcare access, cultural perceptions, and resource limitations, as well as emerging trends in presentation and treatment patterns.