Investigating the risk factors of sleep disturbances following percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with coronary artery disease: a case-control study.

BACKGROUND

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of global cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, with a prevalence of 11% in Chinese adults and accounting for ~ 18 million annual deaths worldwide.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to assess sleep quality and the degree of sleep apnoea in CAD patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and identify key risk factors.

METHODS

This multicentre, retrospective, case-control study was conducted at three tertiary centres in Changsha, China. Patients met the International Society of Cardiology and World Health Organization clinical diagnostic criteria, had CAD confirmed by angiography, had undergone PCI, and were stable. They were grouped by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Sleep status and risk factors were analysed using univariate and multivariate analyses.

RESULTS

Among all 202 enrolled patients, univariate analysis showed significant differences between groups in gender (χ²=4.606, p = 0.032), age (63.38 ± 10.55 vs. 57.21 ± 9.37 years, t = 3.447, p < 0.001), maximum stenosis area (63.72% [56.98-66.49] vs. 57.46% [53.83-63.53], Z = - 4.919, p < 0.001), marital status (p = 0.025), smoking history (χ²=7.672, p = 0.006), alcohol history (χ²=9.640, p = 0.002), and tea drinking frequency (χ²=14.049, p = 0.007). Multivariate analysis indicated younger age (OR = 0.346, 95% CI:0.165-0.725, p = 0.005) and no alcohol history (OR = 0.420, 95% CI:0.187-0.944, p = 0.036) as protective factors, while less frequent tea drinking (OR = 2.758, 95% CI:1.223-6.224, p = 0.015) was a risk factor.

CONCLUSION

Sleep disturbances were present in 79.2% of post-PCI CAD patients. Age, alcohol consumption, and infrequent tea drinking were independent factors significantly associated with poor sleep quality.