Highlights of the Sleep and Breathing Conference 2025.

The 2025 Sleep and Breathing Conference, co-hosted by the European Respiratory Society (ERS) and the European Sleep Research Society (ESRS), presented the latest advances in sleep disordered breathing and related fields. This comprehensive overview, written by Early Career Members of ERS Assembly 4, highlights the key scientific and clinical takeaways from the event. Symposia were dedicated to the pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), the role of intermittent hypoxia and autonomic dysregulation, diagnostic work-up, and treatment approaches for OSA, including the perspective of patients. Updates on central sleep apnoea, comorbid insomnia and sleep apnoea, obesity hypoventilation syndrome and sleep disordered breathing in neuromuscular disease were also presented. The event emphasised the importance of phenotyping, individualised treatment approaches and the integration of physiology into clinical decision-making in sleep disordered breathing.