Nonpenetrating deep sclerectomy: Challenges, innovations, and current evidence.

Nonpenetrating deep sclerectomy (NPDS) was initially developed back in 1989. The procedure stands out in the field of glaucoma for its significant safety profile and good efficacy. Unlike other surgical alternatives, evidence has noted that NPDS results in a controlled and gradual reduction of intraocular pressure. The purpose of this literature review is to summarize the technique, challenges posed, current innovations, and overall outcomes mentioned in the literature on NPDS for various types of glaucomas and its various disease stages.