Draft Genome of the Liver Fluke Fasciola gigantica.

Fascioliasis, a neglected foodborne disease caused by liver flukes (genus Fasciola), affects more than 200 million people worldwide. Despite technological advances, little is known about the molecular biology and biochemistry of these flukes. We present the draft genome of Fasciola gigantica for the first time. The assembled draft genome has a size of ∼1.04 Gb with an N50 and N90 of 129 and 149 kb, respectively. A total of 20 858 genes were predicted. The de novo repeats identified in the draft genome were 46.85%. The pathway included all of the genes of glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and fatty acid metabolism but lacked the key genes of the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway. This indicates that the fatty acid required for survival of the fluke may be acquired from the host bile. It may be hypothesized that the relatively larger F. gigantica genome did not evolve through genome duplications but rather is interspersed with many repetitive elements. The genomic information will provide a comprehensive resource to facilitate the development of novel interventions for fascioliasis control.