[Research progress on the multidimensional regulation of gut microbiota on metabolism, immunity, and inflammatory response in metabolic associated fatty liver disease].

Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the main cause of chronic liver disease and hepatic dysfunction, with its incidence rate increasing year by year in China. The gut microbiota and its metabolites promote the occurrence and development of diseases by affecting host metabolism, immunity, and inflammatory responses. Current research focuses primarily on the single-dimension or unidirectional effects of metabolism, immunity, and inflammation, with a lack of comprehensive recognition about the complex regulation of their interaction in MAFLD. Therefore, this paper summarizes the effects of gut microbiota on the host and liver from three aspects: metabolism regulation, immunity, and inflammatory response. Additionally, it systematically reveals the multidimensional regulatory mechanism of gut microbiota in MAFLD, providing a basis for understanding the pathogenesis of MAFLD and formulating precise therapies.