Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026
2026 Clinical Practice Guideline Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society on The Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Infants and Children Older than 3 Months of Age: The Use of Pleural Fluid Drainage versus Observation.
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St Peter Shawn D, Ampofo Krow, Brogan Thomas, Cabana Michael D, Espinosa Claudia, Florin Todd A, Gerber Jeffrey S, Gill Michelle, Palazzi Debra L, Sawyer Mark, Statile Angela M, Williams Derek J, Patel Sheena, Neuman Mark I, Shah Samir S
Аннотация
This paper is part of a larger clinical practice guideline on the diagnosis and management of parapneumonic effusion and empyema in children, developed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. In this paper, the panel provides recommendations for pleural fluid drainage in children (3 months to 18 years) with parapneumonic effusion and empyema. The panel's recommendations are based upon evidence derived from systematic literature reviews and adhere to a standardized methodology for rating the certainty of evidence and strength of recommendation according to the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach.