Locally disseminated phaeohyphomycosis caused by Neoscytalidium dimidiatum in an immunosuppressed patient.

Phaeohyphomycosis is considered an uncommon disease, and associated with occupational exposure, being more prevalent in inlands populations from tropical areas of Central and South America. It is caused by dematiaceous fungi, saprophytes that may be found in the soil, plants, as well as in humid and dusty areas, in household environments. They comprise a large group, including more than 150 species and 70 genera implicated in human diseases. The main species involved in phaeohyphomycosis are Alternaria, Cladosporium and Exophiala. Herein, we report an uncommon case of locally disseminated subcutaneous pheohyphomycosis in an immunosuppressed patient caused by Neoscytalidium dimidiatum, and successfully treated with itraconazole.