Survival Impact and Risk Factors of Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis in Maxillary Gingival Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study of 81 Patients.

BACKGROUND

This study aimed to investigate the survival impact and predictive factors of cervical lymph node metastasis (CLNM) in patients with maxillary gingival squamous cell carcinoma (MGSCC).

METHODS

This retrospective study included 81 patients with MGSCC who underwent radical surgery from 2008 to 2018.

RESULTS

Pathological CLNM was observed in 24 patients, prevalently in levels IB and II on the ipsilateral side. Cox proportional hazards model analysis revealed histologic grade, CLNM, and local recurrence as independent prognostic factors for 5-year disease-specific survival. Multivariate analysis identified tumoral spread to the gingivobuccal sulcus and the maxillary tuberosity as independent risk factors for CLNM.

CONCLUSIONS

CLNM is associated with poor survival in patients with MGSCC. Primary tumors extending into the gingivobuccal sulcus or maxillary tuberosity may predict CLNM, particularly at levels IB and II. These findings may provide valuable insights for optimizing neck management strategies.