Nutrition screening and assessment.

Both undernutrition and overnutrition contribute to increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Marasmus, kwashiorkor, and decreased micronutrient status are types of nutritional deficiencies, whereas obesity and problems resulting from dietary supplements are examples of overnutrition. Screening for malnutrition can be performed in the ambulatory, hospital, and institutional populations, each with methods appropriate for the target population. For patients determined to be at high risk, further nutrition assessment can be performed to help arrive at specific nutritional treatment goals. Identifying and treating malnutrition can potentially have an important impact on decreasing morbidity and mortality in the population.