Risk of Swine Influenza Virus Spillover at the Human-Swine Interface - a Scoping Review.

OBJECTIVES

We conducted this scoping review to describe the factors that influence the risk of spillover of Swine Influenza Virus (SIV) at various human-swine interfaces.

METHODS

We used the PubMed and EMBASE databases to identify relevant articles published until February 2024. We included cross-sectional, case-control, cohort, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and ecological studies. Two authors screened the titles, abstracts, and full texts. The extracted details were presented in tables and figures.

RESULTS

Among the 55 studies, the majority were conducted in the United States (n = 27) and published after 2015 (n = 30). Occupational risk factors were the most commonly reported (n = 14), followed by lack of biosecurity measures (n = 10). We classified the identified risk factors into two broad categories: (1) risk factors that influence the transmission of SIV among swine and from swine to human, and (2) risk factors associated with the type of human-swine interfaces.

CONCLUSION

Vaccination, biosecurity measures, and surveillance systems at human-swine interfaces effectively reduce swine influenza transmission. These strategies can be tailored to specific risk factors in common interaction settings.