Multiplanar MRI approach to the differential diagnosis of central nervous system tumors and tumor-like lesions in patients with HIV: what radiologists need to know.

HIV infection involves a wide range of diseases that affect the central nervous system (CNS). This variability makes diagnosing cerebral diseases difficult, especially when a tumor is unrelated to HIV. This review analyzes verified cases of CNS tumors and tumor-like lesions in HIV-positive patients. It focuses on original neuroimaging features for differential diagnosis. Given that cerebral pathology of any etiology frequently manifests as depressed consciousness and sometimes progressses to coma, the application of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) is essential for accurate diagnosis when the patient's clinical history or physical examination results are limited. Herein, we discuss the specific neuroimaging patterns that have significant practical value for clinicians and radiologists. A correct diagnosis of a brain lesion is necessary to select proper treatment strategies, thus reducing mortality.