Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025
Respiratory virus-induced bacterial dysregulation in pediatric airway tissue and the dual actions of Echinacea in reducing complications.
СтатьяНазвание и аннотация: Перевод пока не подготовлен
Обработка статьи · этапы, ошибки и управление
Загрузка состояния…
Ошибки и ограничения
История · было → стало
Состояние обновляется каждые 5 секунд, пока блок открыт. Процент показывается только там, где известен объём работы. Пауза останавливает продолжение этапа; текущий запрос к источнику может завершиться.
Vimalanathan Selvarani, Sreya Mahfuza, Nandanavanam Ranganayaki, Schoop Roland, Gancitano Giuseppe, Saberi Saba, Malikovskaia Anna, Hudson James
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) contribute to pediatric morbidity and are often complicated by viral-bacterial superinfections, which exacerbate disease severity and increase antibiotic use. This study examined viral-induced bacterial adhesion in an ex vivo pediatric airway model and the therapeutic potential of Echinacea purpurea extract.
METHODS: EpiAirway tissue from a 6-year-old boy was infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3), or rhinovirus 14 (RV14). Adhesion of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) was assessed alongside the expression of platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFr), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule-1 (CEACAM-1). Echinaforce® (EF extract) was tested for its effect on bacterial dysregulation.
RESULTS: RSV and HPIV3 increased bacterial adhesion by upregulating PAFr, ICAM-1, and CEACAM-1. Hib adhered primarily via ICAM-1, while S. pneumoniae favored PAFr. RV14 strongly induced CEACAM-1 but did not cause significant bacterial dysregulation. EF significantly reduced virus-induced receptor overexpression, resulting in inhibition of bacterial adhesion and biofilm-like formation.
CONCLUSION: Our findings provide a mechanistic explanation for the observed effects of E. purpurea in reducing RTI complications and the need for antibiotic prescriptions in clinical settings.
METHODS: EpiAirway tissue from a 6-year-old boy was infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3), or rhinovirus 14 (RV14). Adhesion of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) was assessed alongside the expression of platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFr), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule-1 (CEACAM-1). Echinaforce® (EF extract) was tested for its effect on bacterial dysregulation.
RESULTS: RSV and HPIV3 increased bacterial adhesion by upregulating PAFr, ICAM-1, and CEACAM-1. Hib adhered primarily via ICAM-1, while S. pneumoniae favored PAFr. RV14 strongly induced CEACAM-1 but did not cause significant bacterial dysregulation. EF significantly reduced virus-induced receptor overexpression, resulting in inhibition of bacterial adhesion and biofilm-like formation.
CONCLUSION: Our findings provide a mechanistic explanation for the observed effects of E. purpurea in reducing RTI complications and the need for antibiotic prescriptions in clinical settings.