Psychiatry research · 2026
A year into the war: Longitudinal effects of trauma, displacement, and income loss on mental health in conflict zones.
СтатьяНазвание и аннотация: Перевод пока не подготовлен
Обработка статьи · этапы, ошибки и управление
Загрузка состояния…
Ошибки и ограничения
История · было → стало
Состояние обновляется каждые 5 секунд, пока блок открыт. Процент показывается только там, где известен объём работы. Пауза останавливает продолжение этапа; текущий запрос к источнику может завершиться.
Amsalem Doron, Fisch Chana T, Markowitz John C, Lazarov Amit, Levi-Belz Yossi, Lurie Ido, Wainberg Milton L, Mendlovic Shlomo, Neria Yuval, Haim-Nachum Shilat
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Research has linked war-related stressors like traumatic loss, forced displacement, and income disruption to acute mental health symptoms. Little is known about how symptoms evolve longitudinally during prolonged conflict. Extending our 90-day studies, we tracked clinical symptoms and betrayal-based moral injury over one full year following the October 7, 2023, attack and ensuing war in Israel. We hypothesized stressor-exposed individuals would report persistent psychological distress and heightened betrayal perceptions one year later.
METHODS: A four-wave longitudinal study followed 1,052 individuals aged 18-40 living in northern and southern Israel, areas heavily affected by October 7 and the ongoing war. Assessments occurred in February, March, and May 2024 and March 2025. Anxiety, depression, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms The Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and Primary Care PTSD (PC-PTSD) measured. The Moral Injury Events betrayal subscale assessed betrayal-based moral injury. Linear Mixed Models examined symptom trajectories and associations with baseline war-related traumatic loss, forced displacement, and income loss.
RESULTS: At baseline, 75 % of participants reported ≥1 probable clinical condition. Symptoms remained high after 12 months (66 %). Baseline exposure to traumatic loss, displacement, or income loss correlated with significantly higher anxiety, depression, PTSD, and betrayal scores across timepoints (F values 14.4-243.9, p<.001). Depression symptoms remained steady over time, whereas betrayal scores significantly increased.
CONCLUSIONS: This one-year longitudinal study found initial traumatic stressors predicted persistently elevated anxiety, depression, PTSD, and betrayal-based moral injury. Findings highlight the lasting psychological impact of cumulative war-related adversity and call for innovative, sustained treatment strategies that address both acute and evolving effects of prolonged conflict.
METHODS: A four-wave longitudinal study followed 1,052 individuals aged 18-40 living in northern and southern Israel, areas heavily affected by October 7 and the ongoing war. Assessments occurred in February, March, and May 2024 and March 2025. Anxiety, depression, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms The Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and Primary Care PTSD (PC-PTSD) measured. The Moral Injury Events betrayal subscale assessed betrayal-based moral injury. Linear Mixed Models examined symptom trajectories and associations with baseline war-related traumatic loss, forced displacement, and income loss.
RESULTS: At baseline, 75 % of participants reported ≥1 probable clinical condition. Symptoms remained high after 12 months (66 %). Baseline exposure to traumatic loss, displacement, or income loss correlated with significantly higher anxiety, depression, PTSD, and betrayal scores across timepoints (F values 14.4-243.9, p<.001). Depression symptoms remained steady over time, whereas betrayal scores significantly increased.
CONCLUSIONS: This one-year longitudinal study found initial traumatic stressors predicted persistently elevated anxiety, depression, PTSD, and betrayal-based moral injury. Findings highlight the lasting psychological impact of cumulative war-related adversity and call for innovative, sustained treatment strategies that address both acute and evolving effects of prolonged conflict.