Pituitary pathology in patients with Carney Complex: growth-hormone producing hyperplasia or tumors and their association with other abnormalities.

First described in the mid 80's, Carney Complex (CNC) is a rare, dominantly heritable disorder with features overlapping those of McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) and other multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes like MEN type 1 (MEN 1). Pituitary tumors have been described in a number of patients with CNC; they present with elevated growth hormone (GH) levels and mild hyperprolactinemia. However, most patients with CNC have mild hypersomatomammotropinemia starting in adolescence; this is similar to the situation in MAS patients: in both disorders, pituitary hyperplasia appears to precede tumor development. Familial pituitary tumor syndromes such as CNC provide an important insight into the genetics and molecular pathology of pituitary and other endocrine tumors. Our understanding of these conditions is expanding rapidly due to the identification of the causative genes and the availability of murine disease models. The present report reviews the clinical findings related to pituitary tumor development among patients with CNC and provides an update on murine models of the complex.