Nanostructural insights into Mongolian medicine Harigabri and its therapeutic efficacy for gastrointestinal diseases.

The structural and functional properties of Harigabri, a traditional Mongolian remedy for gastrointestinal disorders, were investigated using a range of advanced analytical techniques. Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction provided complementary insights into the structures of both raw Harigabri and its ultrasonic extract. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy further characterized their chemical functionalities. Additionally, transmission electron microscopy revealed nanostructural features. Collectively, these methods demonstrated that Harigabri and graphene oxide (GO) share similar layered architectures. Based on these structural similarities, the study evaluated the antibacterial activity against gastrointestinal pathogens and the therapeutic efficacy against gastric cancer of both Harigabri and GO. This integrated approach offers a detailed understanding of Harigabri's unique nanostructure and highlights its potential, alongside GO, as a novel treatment modality for gastrointestinal diseases and gastric cancer.