Comparison of biopsy procedures in intrathoracic sarcoidosis.

A series of 78 patients, mainly young males, with intrathoracic manifestations of sarcoidosis, found on routine chest X-ray, were examined according to a prescheduled program including different biopsy procedures. In 76% the intrathoracic changes were isolated hilar adenopathy, in 9% isolated pulmonary lesions and in 15% hilar adenopathy plus pulmonary lesions. Lymph nodes containing granulomas were found by mediastinoscopy in 41 of 44 patients and by scalene fat pad biopsy in 20 of 34 patients. In 27 of 76 patients granulomas were found by liver biopsy. Complications to the biopsies were more frequent with mediastinoscopy than with the other two biopsy procedures, but no serious complications occurred. Biopsy through mediastinoscopy is thus preferable in patients of this kind. The necessity of doing biopsies to support the diagnosis of sarcoidosis is discussed on the basis of the literature and our own studies. In younger patients with asymptomatic, bilateral hilar adenopathy without pulmonary lesions it seems justifiable to omit biopsy, whereas biopsy is mandatory in patients with unilateral hilar lymph adenopathy and patients with pulmonary lesions. In all cases the course of the disease should be followed for a rather long period.