[Advances in clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of pre-acute-on-chronic liver failure].

Acute-on-chronic liver failure is a severe syndrome characterized by a rapid decline in liver function and multiple organ failure, with rapid progression often already in the mid-to-late stage by the time it is clinically diagnosed in patients with chronic liver disease. Currently, there are no therapeutic drugs that are efficacious, and the short-to medium-term mortality rate is high. Some academics have proposed establishing a term, "pre-acute-on-chronic liver failure," to denote a transitional stage for patients prior to their progress to acute-on-chronic liver failure. Early-stage intervention has been shown to effectively improve patient prognosis. This review explores the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of pre-acute-on-chronic liver failure from recent years, with the aim to improve clinicians'' understanding and promote early-stage prevention and treatment.