Interventional therapies for the management of cancer pain.

Timely interventional cancer pain therapies complement conventional pain management by reducing the need for high-dose opioid therapy and its associated toxicity. All patients with upper abdominal visceral pain should be considered for celiac plexus neurolysis soon after diagnosis. Intrathecal therapy should be considered in any patient with moderate-to-severe pain despite a reasonable therapeutic trial of opioid pharmacotherapy or in any patient intolerant of opioid therapy. Specific interventions for vertebral metastases and other sites of metastatic bone pain, including vertebroplasty, kyphoplasty, and image-guided tumor ablation, should be understood and considered. A collaborative model of care, including pain medicine specialists with expertise in interventional therapies, should be standard in all oncologic practices in order to optimize outcomes for patients with cancer throughout the course of their treatment.