Event-related potential correlates of visual processing across obsessive-compulsive and anxiety spectrum disorders: A scoping review.

Humans rely on sensory input, particularly visual cues, to form continuous perceptual experiences, where visual processing-the ability to perceive, organize, and integrate visual cues-lays a crucial foundation for behavior. In obsessive-compulsive and anxiety disorders, symptoms are often prompted by visual cues, suggesting that sensory input may drive obsessive-compulsive and anxiety-related behaviors. In this scoping review, we synthesize 36 studies of the existing EEG/ERP literature assessing the extent and direction of visual processing dysfunction in response to both neutral and emotionally salient cues in the obsessive compulsive and anxiety (OCA) spectrum. Although there is a dearth of studies overall, those that exist suggest altered early visual processing in the OCAs, especially in obsessive-compulsive disorder and social anxiety disorder. We explore how the rudimentary processing of visual cues may influence circuits that mediate fear, potentially contributing to obsessive-compulsive and anxiety symptoms. Delineating the electrophysiological correlates of visual processing may contribute to a more nuanced understanding of brain disorders, informing future research and highlighting potential therapeutic targets.