Epidemiological and clinical assessment of canine diabetes mellitus in Cocody, Abidjan, Republic of Ivory Coast.

BACKGROUND

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a well-known endocrine disorder in humans characterized by chronic hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency or resistance. However, this disease remains poorly documented and often underdiagnosed in companion animals, particularly in developing countries.

AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence, owner awareness, and management strategies of Canine DM (CDM) in Cocody, Abidjan.

METHODS

This study incorporated interviews with veterinarians from five clinics, analysis of clinical data from 2009 to 2021, a survey of dog-owning families, clinical examinations, and targeted blood glucose screening.

RESULTS

Ten cases of canine diabetes were identified, with 80% of owners discontinuing treatment due to the high cost of caninsulin. No remission cases were reported, and the mortality rate was 20%. The survey revealed that only 16% of households were aware of the existence of diabetes in dogs, with the majority believing that the disease exclusively affected humans. A total of 751 dogs, representing 21 breeds, were recorded, corresponding to a canine density of 6 dogs/km². Among the dogs examined, 67% were obese, indicating an increased risk of metabolic disorders. The overall prevalence of canine diabetes in Cocody was 0.4%.

CONCLUSION

This study highlights the low awareness of dog owners about canine diabetes, the relatively low but significant prevalence of the disease, and the challenges associated with maintaining long-term therapeutic management. It emphasizes the need to improve veterinary communication, strengthen disease screening, and promote preventive strategies targeting risk factors such as obesity and inappropriate diet.