CRISPR-Cas based genome editing for eradication of human viruses.

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas system possess a broad range of applications for genetic modification, diagnosis and treatment of infectious as well as non-infectious disease. The CRISPR-Cas system is found in bacteria and archaea that possess the Cas protein and guide RNA (gRNA). Cas9 and gRNA forms a complex to target and cleave the desired gene, providing defense against viral infections. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), herpesviruses, human papillomavirus (HPV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) cause major life threatening diseases which cannot cure completely by drugs. This chapter describes the present strategy of CRISPR-Cas systems for altering the genomes of viruses, mostly human ones, in order to control infections.