The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024
The Ability of a 3-Gene Host Signature in Blood to Distinguish Tuberculous Meningitis From Other Brain Infections.
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Huynh Julie, Nhat Le Hoang Thanh, Bao Nguyen Le Hoai, Hai Hoang Thanh, Thu Do Dang Anh, Tram Trinh Thi Bich, Dung Vu Thi Mong, Vinh Do Dinh, Ngoc Nghiem My, Donovan Joseph, Phu Nguyen Hoan, Van Thanh Dang, Thu Nguyen Thi Anh, Bang Nguyen Duc, Ha Dang Thi Minh, Nghia Ho Dang Trung, Van Tan Le, Van Le Hong, Thwaites Guy, Thuong Nguyen Thuy Thuong
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is difficult to diagnose. We investigated whether a 3-gene host response signature in blood can distinguish TBM from other brain infections.
METHODS: The expression of 3 genes (dual specificity phosphatase 3 [DUSP3], guanylate-binding protein [GBP5], krupple-like factor 2 [KLF2]) was analyzed by RNA sequencing of archived whole blood from 4 cohorts of Vietnamese adults: 281 with TBM, 279 with pulmonary tuberculosis, 50 with other brain infections, and 30 healthy controls. Tuberculosis scores (combined 3-gene expression) were calculated following published methodology and discriminatory performance compared using area under a receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC).
RESULTS: GBP5 was upregulated in TBM compared to other brain infections (P < .001), with no difference in DUSP3 and KLF2 expression. The diagnostic performance of GBP5 alone (AUC, 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], .67-.81) was slightly better than the 3-gene tuberculosis score (AUC, 0.66; 95% CI, .58-.73) in TBM. Both GBP5 expression and tuberculosis score were higher in participants with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; P < .001), with good diagnostic performance of GBP5 alone (AUC, 0.86; 95% CI, .80-.93).
CONCLUSIONS: The 3-gene host signature in whole blood has the ability to discriminate TBM from other brain infections, including in individuals with HIV. Validation in large prospective diagnostic study is now required.
METHODS: The expression of 3 genes (dual specificity phosphatase 3 [DUSP3], guanylate-binding protein [GBP5], krupple-like factor 2 [KLF2]) was analyzed by RNA sequencing of archived whole blood from 4 cohorts of Vietnamese adults: 281 with TBM, 279 with pulmonary tuberculosis, 50 with other brain infections, and 30 healthy controls. Tuberculosis scores (combined 3-gene expression) were calculated following published methodology and discriminatory performance compared using area under a receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC).
RESULTS: GBP5 was upregulated in TBM compared to other brain infections (P < .001), with no difference in DUSP3 and KLF2 expression. The diagnostic performance of GBP5 alone (AUC, 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], .67-.81) was slightly better than the 3-gene tuberculosis score (AUC, 0.66; 95% CI, .58-.73) in TBM. Both GBP5 expression and tuberculosis score were higher in participants with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; P < .001), with good diagnostic performance of GBP5 alone (AUC, 0.86; 95% CI, .80-.93).
CONCLUSIONS: The 3-gene host signature in whole blood has the ability to discriminate TBM from other brain infections, including in individuals with HIV. Validation in large prospective diagnostic study is now required.