Irish journal of medical science · 2025
The effect of cold needle on the development of pain and ecchymosis in subcutaneous heparin injection in adults: a prospective, randomised controlled study.
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Kaplan Ali, Kaplan Özlem, Kaçmaz Hatice Yüceler, Tosun Gizem Nur, Dal Fatih
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Subcutaneous injection is a practice frequently used by nurses and may result in complications.
AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cold needle on pain, injection satisfaction and ecchymosis development in subcutaneous heparin injection.
METHODS: The study was conducted as a prospective, parallel-group, randomised controlled study with single-blind design. Participants were randomly divided into two groups as chilled needle group (n = 30) and control group (standard needle group) (n = 30). Subcutaneous injections were given to the intervention group with a chilled needle at 0-2 °C and to the control group with a needle stored at room temperature. Patients were evaluated for ecchymosis for 72 h. Post-procedure pain and satisfaction levels were analysed. The Descriptive Characteristics Information Form, Visual Analogue Scale, Patient Satisfaction Form for Injection and Ecchymosis Follow-up Chart were used to collect the data.
RESULTS: The intervention group had significantly lower pain scores, compared to the control group (21.00 ± 14.46 vs. 33.00 ± 18.03). In addition, the mean injection satisfaction score of the intervention group (86.33 ± 11.29) was significantly higher than the control group (73.00 ± 17.04). In terms of ecchymosis development, higher rates of ecchymosis formation were observed in the control group, compared to the intervention group.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings support that the cooled needle in subcutaneous injection has the potential to reduce pain, increase injection satisfaction and prevent the development of ecchymosis.
AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cold needle on pain, injection satisfaction and ecchymosis development in subcutaneous heparin injection.
METHODS: The study was conducted as a prospective, parallel-group, randomised controlled study with single-blind design. Participants were randomly divided into two groups as chilled needle group (n = 30) and control group (standard needle group) (n = 30). Subcutaneous injections were given to the intervention group with a chilled needle at 0-2 °C and to the control group with a needle stored at room temperature. Patients were evaluated for ecchymosis for 72 h. Post-procedure pain and satisfaction levels were analysed. The Descriptive Characteristics Information Form, Visual Analogue Scale, Patient Satisfaction Form for Injection and Ecchymosis Follow-up Chart were used to collect the data.
RESULTS: The intervention group had significantly lower pain scores, compared to the control group (21.00 ± 14.46 vs. 33.00 ± 18.03). In addition, the mean injection satisfaction score of the intervention group (86.33 ± 11.29) was significantly higher than the control group (73.00 ± 17.04). In terms of ecchymosis development, higher rates of ecchymosis formation were observed in the control group, compared to the intervention group.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings support that the cooled needle in subcutaneous injection has the potential to reduce pain, increase injection satisfaction and prevent the development of ecchymosis.