The Impact of Sex Hormones on Keratoconus.

Keratoconus (KC) is a progressive non-inflammatory disorder characterized by significant changes in the corneal structure, leading to severe vision loss. Risk factors include eye rubbing, a positive family history, and allergic reactions. There is growing evidence suggesting that sex hormones may influence the development and progression of KC, but the exact mechanisms and extent of their impact remain unclear and controversial. This review aims to examine the current literature on the association between KC and sex hormones and to evaluate the potential of these hormones as clinical markers for diagnosing, prognosticating, and managing KC.