Case report: Wegener's granulomatosis accompanied by communicating hydrocephalus.

A case of Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) accompanied by communicating hydrocephalus is described. An elderly woman with rapidly progressive renal failure was referred to the authors' hospital. Renal histologic study showed necrotizing granulomatous glomerulonephritis with some multinucleated giant cells, which suggested a diagnosis of WG. After admission, a gait disturbance, incontinence, and dementia developed in the patient. Diagnostic procedures including lumbar puncture, computed tomography (CT), and scintigraphy showed findings compatible with communicating hydrocephalus with a normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure. Removal of 20 mL of CSF led to a marked improvement in symptoms. Because the presence of subarachnoid hemorrhage, meningitis, and brain tumor was excluded, the final diagnosis was communicating hydrocephalus secondary to WG.