Apparent hydrocephalus and chronic multiple sclerosis: a report of two cases.

Generalised ventricular dilatation with or without cerebral atrophy is common in longstanding multiple sclerosis. This has been widely assumed to be due to periventricular white matter atrophy rather than true communicating hydrocephalus although it can be difficult to distinguish between these on radiological grounds. Here we report 2 chronic MS patients who had progressive dementia, gait disturbance and urinary incontinence and in whom neuroimaging, and in one case CSF infusion studies, suggested hydrocephalus. Both significantly improved following shunting procedures. We suggest that further study is required to investigate whether a significant proportion of patients with chronic MS and dilated ventricles have shunt-responsive hydrocephalus.