Journal of adolescence · 2026
How Adolescents' Victimization Trajectories Divergently Predict Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms and Aggressive Behavior Across Cliques With Different Victimization Norms: A Multilevel Latent Growth Model.
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Zhang Libin, Zhao Qingling, Duan Xiangfei, Cui Jingjing, Zhang Yunyun
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: The Healthy Context Paradox suggests that, in relatively "Работает" contexts with lower victimization norms, victims may paradoxically exhibit greater psychosocial maladjustment. Extending this counterintuitive phenomenon through a developmental lens, this longitudinal multilevel study examined how clique-level victimization norms moderated associations between individual victimization trajectories and corresponding changes in depressive symptoms and aggressive behavior trajectories within adolescent peer microsystems.
METHODS: Using a four-wave design with 6-month intervals, we collected multi-method data (self-reports and peer nominations) from 2214 Chinese middle school students (46.83% female; Mage = 13.00, SD = 0.62 years) nested within 485 naturally occurring cliques (Msize = 5.25, SD = 1.92).
RESULTS: As bullying victimization increased, adolescents showed an increase in depressive symptoms and a less pronounced decline in aggressive behavior. In cliques with relatively lower victimization norms, increases in bullying victimization were associated with a more rapid increase in depressive symptoms. By contrast, for aggressive behavior, the association between increasing victimization and a slower decline in aggression was stronger in cliques with higher victimization norms.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings advance understanding of the Healthy Context Paradox from a developmental trajectory perspective, showing that the paradox is more evident for depressive symptoms than for changes in aggressive behavior. The results offer important implications for anti-bullying interventions that target informal peer cliques.
METHODS: Using a four-wave design with 6-month intervals, we collected multi-method data (self-reports and peer nominations) from 2214 Chinese middle school students (46.83% female; Mage = 13.00, SD = 0.62 years) nested within 485 naturally occurring cliques (Msize = 5.25, SD = 1.92).
RESULTS: As bullying victimization increased, adolescents showed an increase in depressive symptoms and a less pronounced decline in aggressive behavior. In cliques with relatively lower victimization norms, increases in bullying victimization were associated with a more rapid increase in depressive symptoms. By contrast, for aggressive behavior, the association between increasing victimization and a slower decline in aggression was stronger in cliques with higher victimization norms.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings advance understanding of the Healthy Context Paradox from a developmental trajectory perspective, showing that the paradox is more evident for depressive symptoms than for changes in aggressive behavior. The results offer important implications for anti-bullying interventions that target informal peer cliques.