Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and nitric oxide synthase 2 in swine ulcerative colitis caused by Salmonella typhimurium.

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) were detected and localized in 20 pigs with ulcerative colitis caused by natural infection with Salmonella typhimurium. Evidence of NOS2 activity was determined by the formation of nitrotyrosine, a reaction product of peroxynitrite, in NOS2-expressing ulcerative colons by immunohistochemistry. Transcript RNA of COX-2 and NOS2 was consistently detected in colonic tissues from the 20 pigs with ulcerative colitis by using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemical signals for COX-2 and NOS2 were detected in the ulcerated area of all 20 pigs. Expression of COX-2 and NOS2 was identified continuously within inflammatory intestinal lesions but was minimal in unaffected regions of the colon of S. typhimurium-infected pigs. The immunohistochemistry of serial sections of intestine indicated that the majority of colons containing numerous COX-2-positive cells also had numerous NOS2-positive cells. Localization of NOS2 and a nitrotyrosine antigen was prominent in neutrophils and macrophages in the periphery of the lesions. Simultaneous detection of COX-2 and NOS2 RNA and protein indicated functional activity of prostaglandin and NO production in vivo. This study suggested that COX-2 and NOS2 expression may play a role in the pathophysiologic processes in ulcerative colitis caused by S. typhimurium.