Pseudoaneurysm Post Externalized Pacemaker Insertion.

BACKGROUND

Common complications of cardiac implantable electronic devices include pocket infection, pneumothorax while accessing the axillary vein, chest wall hematoma, pacemaker lead displacement, and perforation. Pseudoaneurysms and fistulas are rare and not well documented.

CASE SUMMARY: This paper presents the case of a patient with severe sepsis who developed a pseudoaneurysm and fistula 2 weeks after insertion of an externalized cardiac pacemaker. The patient underwent successful angioembolization by Interventional Radiology.

DISCUSSION: These rare complications can lead to further issues such as bleeding and infection. Diagnosis is based on clinical examination and multimodal imaging. Treatment may be conservative, percutaneous, or surgical depending on the institution, imaging findings, and heart team recommendations.

TAKE-HOME MESSAGES: Pseudoaneurysm is a rare complication after pacemaker implant and can have a delayed presentation, making it important to recognize. Multimodal imaging is useful for diagnosis, and angioembolization appears to be an effective and safe method for managing such complications.