Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS) · 2025
Manganese-induced neurotoxicity and its role in frontotemporal dementia: Insights from the frontotemporal cortex of BALB/c mice.
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Idowu Olumayowa Kolawole, Fajemidagba Grace Ayobami, Ukwubile Ileje Inelo, Adekomi Damilare Adedayo
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Manganese (Mn), an essential trace metal, has been identified as a potential contributor to neurotoxicity when misregulated, with implications for cognitive decline and motor dysfunctions. Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a devastating neurological condition that causes increasing cognitive, behavioral, and linguistic deficits in the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain. The specific mechanisms behind FTD remain unknown. This study investigates Mn-induced neurotoxicity as it affects frontotemporal cortex of BALB/c mice as a model for FTD.
METHODS: BALB/c mice were given varying doses of Mn-low (50 mg/kg body weight), medium (100 mg/kg), and high (200 mg/kg)-for eight weeks, while the control group received distilled water. The Morris Water Maze Test (MWMT) and the Open Field Test (OFT) were used to test cognitive abilities. Brain tissue was examined for oxidative stress markers (GSH, MDA, SOD, CAT, NO), neurotransmitters (glutamate, GABA, ACh), AChE, inflammatory and apoptotic markers (IL-6, TNF-α, caspase-3), Mn concentration, and histopathological alterations (H and E, Bielschowsky, and Golgi staining).
RESULTS: Mn exposure, specifically to the medium and high doses, significantly impairs cognition and memory function, resulting in decreased locomotion and increased freezing time in the OFT and increased escape latency in the MWMT. Oxidative stress markers showed increased MDA and NO levels but decreased GSH, SOD, and CAT. Neurotransmitter dysfunction was obvious, with increased glutamate and AChE activity and decreased GABA and ACh levels. Mn increased IL-6, TNF-α, and caspase-3 levels, and histology showed neuronal vacuolation, neurofibrils, and axonal/dendritic injury, especially in medium- and high-dose groups.
CONCLUSION: Mn exposure induces oxidative stress, neurotransmitter dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration in the frontotemporal cortex, contributing to FTD pathogenesis.
METHODS: BALB/c mice were given varying doses of Mn-low (50 mg/kg body weight), medium (100 mg/kg), and high (200 mg/kg)-for eight weeks, while the control group received distilled water. The Morris Water Maze Test (MWMT) and the Open Field Test (OFT) were used to test cognitive abilities. Brain tissue was examined for oxidative stress markers (GSH, MDA, SOD, CAT, NO), neurotransmitters (glutamate, GABA, ACh), AChE, inflammatory and apoptotic markers (IL-6, TNF-α, caspase-3), Mn concentration, and histopathological alterations (H and E, Bielschowsky, and Golgi staining).
RESULTS: Mn exposure, specifically to the medium and high doses, significantly impairs cognition and memory function, resulting in decreased locomotion and increased freezing time in the OFT and increased escape latency in the MWMT. Oxidative stress markers showed increased MDA and NO levels but decreased GSH, SOD, and CAT. Neurotransmitter dysfunction was obvious, with increased glutamate and AChE activity and decreased GABA and ACh levels. Mn increased IL-6, TNF-α, and caspase-3 levels, and histology showed neuronal vacuolation, neurofibrils, and axonal/dendritic injury, especially in medium- and high-dose groups.
CONCLUSION: Mn exposure induces oxidative stress, neurotransmitter dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration in the frontotemporal cortex, contributing to FTD pathogenesis.