Telovelar Approach: A Practical Guide for Its Expansion to the Fourth Ventricle.

Approaches to the fourth ventricle have evolved from the transvermian to the telovelar route. The minimally invasive nature of the telovelar route is advantageous and has become indispensable in reaching the fourth ventricular floor. Nonetheless, the telovelar approach can be restrictive for large and more rostral masses in the ventricle, and therefore certain operative maneuvers are necessary for its safe expansion. Herein, I review some of the technical nuances for extending the reach of this operative corridor.