Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis due to Brucella in an HBV-positive cirrhotic patient.

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a severe complication of cirrhosis, occurring in approximately 15 % of cirrhotic patients. The most common causative pathogens of SBP are Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Although brucellosis can cause various complications, it is a rare cause of peritonitis. Herein, we report a case of a 30-year-old male with chronic hepatitis B who presented with fever, night sweats, weight loss, abdominal pain, and distension. Brucella spp. was isolated from blood and peritoneal fluid cultures. The patient fully recovered following six weeks of treatment with oral doxycycline (100 mg twice daily) and rifampicin (600 mg/day). No relapses or complications were observed during follow-up.