Identification of a Neurocognitive Mechanism Underpinning Awareness of Chronic Tinnitus.

Tinnitus (ringing in the ears) is a common auditory sensation that can become a chronic debilitating health condition with pervasive effects on health and wellbeing, substantive economic burden, and no known cure. Here we investigate if impaired functioning of the cognitive control network that directs attentional focus is a mechanism erroneously maintaining the tinnitus sensation. Fifteen people with chronic tinnitus and 15 healthy controls matched for age and gender from the community performed a cognitively demanding task known to activate the cognitive control network in this functional magnetic resonance imaging study. We identify attenuated activation of a core node of the cognitive control network (the right middle frontal gyrus), and altered baseline connectivity between this node and nodes of the salience and autobiographical memory networks. Our findings indicate that in addition to auditory dysfunction, altered interactions between non-auditory neurocognitive networks maintain chronic tinnitus awareness, revealing new avenues for the identification of effective treatments.