Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Receptor Agonists in Obese Patients Without Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (RAs) treat overweight or obesity with or without diabetes. This review aims to evaluate the effects of GLP-1 RAs on weight and cardiometabolic measures. This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Two reviewers extracted the data and assessed the quality with the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) tool. Thirteen randomized controlled trials were included. We concluded that GLP-1 RAs reduced mean percentage body weight by -12.79% (95% CI: -15.12 to -10.46), BMI by -4.80 kg/m² (95% CI: -6.24 to -3.36), waist circumference by -9.78 cm (95% CI: -11.47 to -8.09), systolic blood pressure (BP) by -6.32 mmHg (95% CI: -7.92 to -4.72), and diastolic BP by -1.95 mmHg (95% CI: -3.21 to -0.69). Risk ratios for ≥5%, ≥10%, ≥15%, and ≥20% weight loss were 2.98, 5.56, 9.50, and 15.00, respectively. Tirzepatide showed greater reductions than semaglutide. GLP-1 RAs, particularly tirzepatide, achieve substantial weight loss and improve cardiometabolic risk factors.