Recent advances in the understanding of TP53 in haematological malignancies.

TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancers, with significant diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications in haematological malignancies. The TP53 gene encodes the p53 protein, a central regulator of cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and DNA repair. Loss-of-function TP53 mutations lead to resistance to chemotherapy and poor outcomes across both myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms. Recent advances in genomic diagnostics, including next-generation sequencing and single-cell technologies, have enhanced our ability to detect and characterise TP53 alterations. Understanding the biology and clinical impact of TP53 mutations is vital for risk stratification and treatment selection. This review summarises the molecular function of p53, the clinical relevance of TP53 mutations in haematological malignancies, and emerging therapeutic approaches.