Evaluating the global landscape of suicide helpline services: a global survey across 105 countries.
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Vaghela Gladson, Van Truong Le, Trang Vu Thi Thu, Makram Abdelrahman M, Hung I-Chun, Luu Mai Ngoc, Nam Nguyen Hai, Elsheikh Randa, Trieu My Duc Thao, Trang Le Thi Bich, Khan Zeeshan, Ikeanyionwu Cyril Nnaemeka, Makram Engy M, Duc Nguyen Tran Minh, Nguyen Minh-Hang, Amanda Tan Weiling, Baig Zia, Chafee Karim, Fadel Shaimaa Yousry, Nguyen Thuan Khac, Lamichhane Aashish, Linh Nguyen Ngoc Hoang, Khalil Mohamed H, Shidhaye Rahul, Hasnain Muhammad Ali, Vijayakumar Lakshmi, Mayne Jeffrey, Maheen Humaira, Kar Sujita Kumar, Onie Sandersan, Yip Paul Siu Fai, White James, Huy Nguyen Tien, Global Suicide Prevention Network Collaborators
Аннотация
METHODS: This multinational cross-sectional survey, conducted from Sept 1, 2022, to Feb 28, 2023, evaluated SHSs in 150 countries. Local collaborators created an SHS directory, and a 42-question questionnaire was distributed via Survey Monkey through Find A Helpline and local collaborators. A team of experts, including individuals with lived experience, helped shape the research questions and study design. We did descriptive statistical analysis of answers to the questions, and data were further analysed using the Bayesian Model Averaging method to predict managers' or supervisors' low overall satisfaction with the service (MS-LOSS).
FINDINGS: The study involved 446 responses from 105 countries for descriptive statistics. 354 (79·4%) of 446 services had insufficient funding, 249 (55·8%) had post-COVID-19 budget reductions, and 278 (62·3%) observed a sharp rise in suicide help requests during the COVID-19 pandemic. 420 responses were used for finding the optimal logistic model, which had an area under the curve of 0·679, indicating that pre-service training for volunteers was significantly associated with a reduction in MS-LOSS (odds ratio 0·16 [95% CI 0·07-0·31]; p<0·001), as was having a quality assurance structure (0·15 [0·02-0·70]; p=0·030). Higher MS-LOSS was associated with staff training only every 2-3 years instead of one or more times per year (2·87 [1·23-6·85], p=0.016) and with dilemmas with providing services in severe cases (1·68 [1·06-2·68]; p=0·028).
INTERPRETATION: Global SHS reports indicate that both pre-task and ongoing training for volunteers and staff, coupled with a quality assurance structure, could decrease MS-LOSS. Our findings emphasise the need for training for volunteers, continuous training programmes for staff, and on-site support for individuals at risk of suicide.
FUNDING: RSTMH Small Grants Award 2021, UK NIHR, and MEXT.