Unseen Victims: Forensic Investigation of Sexual Violence Against Adult Males in Turkey.

This study investigates sexual violence against adult men in Turkey, with particular attention to cases involving refugees and migrants. While sexual violence is often perceived as predominantly affecting women, adult men especially those from marginalized groups are also at risk, yet their experiences remain largely underreported and understudied. Using a retrospective analysis of forensic case records over a ten-year period in Eskişehir, a key transit city in western Turkey, this study examines demographic and case-related factors such as age, nationality, location of the incident, and the victim-perpetrator relationship. Findings indicate that adult men accounted for 4.6% of all documented sexual assault cases, with a substantial proportion involving younger men and non-Turkish nationals, particularly refugees and migrants. Many victims experienced significant psychological trauma, including acute stress reactions and post-traumatic stress disorder. By integrating perspectives from forensic medicine, sociology, and psychology, this research underscores the need for inclusive policies and trauma-informed healthcare services tailored to the specific vulnerabilities of male survivors. These findings highlight the importance of developing culturally sensitive interventions and support mechanisms to improve reporting, care, and justice outcomes for men who experience sexual violence in Turkey.