"Treat-all" Strategy for Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection in China: Are We There Yet?

Chronic hepatitis B remains the primary cause of liver-related events in China. The World Health Organization set a goal to eliminate viral hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030. However, achieving this goal appears challenging due to the current low rates of diagnosis and treatment. The "Treat-all" strategy, which proposes treating all patients with detectable hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA or even all patients with positive HBsAg, has been suggested to simplify anti-HBV treatment. In 2022, the Chinese Society of Hepatology and the Chinese Society of Infectious Diseases updated the guidelines for the prevention and treatment of chronic hepatitis B in China, expanding antiviral indications and simplifying the treatment algorithm. According to this latest guideline, nearly 95% of patients with detectable HBV DNA are eligible for antiviral treatment. This review aimed to provide a detailed interpretation of the treatment indications outlined in the Chinese Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B (version 2022) and to identify gaps in achieving the "Treat-all" strategy in China.