Thrombotic Microangiopathies.

Thrombotic microangiopathies (TMAs) are rare diseases characterized by endothelial injury and microvascular clots. TMAs often lead to microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and end organ damage. Common TMA types include thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), infection-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome, and complement-mediated TMAs. Diagnosing TMAs in the emergency setting is challenging. Laboratory tests, such as complete blood count and peripheral smear are useful in the diagnosis. TTP, marked by severe thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, and normal coagulation factors, has high mortality without treatment. Early recognition and thorough evaluation are crucial for appropriate management and improved patient outcomes.