Managing Obesity in Heart Failure Patients: Current Evidence and Strategies.

Obesity, characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue, is associated with numerous health risks including diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension. Obesity affects a massive portion of the global population, with a projected increase in prevalence by 2035. It leads to various cardiovascular events, insulin resistance, and increased inflammation, all of which predispose individuals to heart failure. Addressing obesity can significantly improve these patients' functional status and quality of life. Effective management of obesity in heart failure patients requires a multidisciplinary approach. Management strategies for obesity in heart failure patients include physical therapy, nutritional therapy, pharmacotherapy, and metabolic bariatric surgery. In conclusion, this review summarizes current evidence in the management of obesity and related complications in patients with end-stage heart failure and explores candidacy for advanced therapies such as heart transplants or durable left ventricular assist devices if native heart recovery is not feasible.