Journal of primary care & community health · 2026
Prevalence of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Infants Aged 6 to 18 Months Attending the Well-Baby Clinic in Primary Health Care Centers (PHCC) in Jeddah.
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Alrefaie Asmaa Mohammad, Alghamdi Danah Mohamed, Alghamdi Reema Abdulaziz, Almutairi Wejdan Talal, Balubaid Renad Nasser, Abualjamal Rena Y, Alibrahim Ibrahim Sallah, Abed Sara Saraj, Alfattani Mohammad Omar, Alowfi Areej Saad
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is one of the most common nutritional deficiencies in infants and can significantly impact cognitive and physical development if left untreated. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of IDA among infants aged 6 to 18 months attending well-baby clinics at primary health care centers (PHCCs) in City, Saudi Arabia, and to assess associated demographic and clinical factors.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2022 to April 2023 across 3 PHCCs in the City. Infants aged 6 to 18 months presenting for routine vaccination were included through non-probability consecutive sampling. Data were extracted from the electronic health record system, including demographic details, laboratory values (Hgb, MCV, MCH, RDW, and serum ferritin), and management records. IDA was defined as low hemoglobin, low MCV, and high RDW, or low hemoglobin plus low ferritin. Statistical analyses were performed using RStudio with significance set at P < .05.
RESULTS: Of 1,827 infants included, 732 (40.1%) had laboratory screening data available. The median age was 10.0 months, and 50.5% were male. IDA was identified in 38 infants (5.2%; 95% CI: 3.8%-7.0%). Male infants had a significantly higher prevalence of IDA than females (7.6% vs 2.3%, P = .005). No significant differences in IDA prevalence were found across PHC centers (P = .173) or by age group (P = .537). Proper management documentation was available for 113 infants, with 61.1% receiving appropriate care.
CONCLUSION: The study found a moderate prevalence of IDA among infants aged 6 to 18 months, with male infants at significantly higher risk. The findings highlight the need for improved routine screening and follow-up management, particularly among high-risk subgroups, to prevent long-term developmental complications associated with iron deficiency anemia.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2022 to April 2023 across 3 PHCCs in the City. Infants aged 6 to 18 months presenting for routine vaccination were included through non-probability consecutive sampling. Data were extracted from the electronic health record system, including demographic details, laboratory values (Hgb, MCV, MCH, RDW, and serum ferritin), and management records. IDA was defined as low hemoglobin, low MCV, and high RDW, or low hemoglobin plus low ferritin. Statistical analyses were performed using RStudio with significance set at P < .05.
RESULTS: Of 1,827 infants included, 732 (40.1%) had laboratory screening data available. The median age was 10.0 months, and 50.5% were male. IDA was identified in 38 infants (5.2%; 95% CI: 3.8%-7.0%). Male infants had a significantly higher prevalence of IDA than females (7.6% vs 2.3%, P = .005). No significant differences in IDA prevalence were found across PHC centers (P = .173) or by age group (P = .537). Proper management documentation was available for 113 infants, with 61.1% receiving appropriate care.
CONCLUSION: The study found a moderate prevalence of IDA among infants aged 6 to 18 months, with male infants at significantly higher risk. The findings highlight the need for improved routine screening and follow-up management, particularly among high-risk subgroups, to prevent long-term developmental complications associated with iron deficiency anemia.