Advances in otology and neurotology.

During the last few years many advances occurred in the field of Otolaryngology. In this article we will present significant advances in the fields of otology and neurotology. The adaptation of laser energy to surgery is a significant event in the evolution of ear microsurgery. Lasers in otology reduce trauma and increase accuracy. Implantable hearing devices are used to rehabilitate patients with mild to moderately severe hearing loss. Cochlear implants have secured a permanent role in the management of selected profoundly deaf patients. Intraoperative cranial nerve monitoring is a major advance in ear surgery. Facial nerve and auditory nerve monitoring are now widely used and are the basis for facial and hearing conservation.